29 FEBRUARY
(13 March)

Monk John Cassian the Roman (+ 435)
Monk John, called Barsonophios, Bishop of Damascus (V)
Martyr Theoktyrist [Theostyriktos] (VIII)

Martyr Barbaros
Martyress Melania
Monk Leo, Monastic of Cappadocia
Martyrs Avercius and Benjamin
Monk Paisios the Wilderness-Dweller

Devpeteruvsk Icon of the Mother of God (1392)
Devpeteruv-Tambovsk Icon of the Mother of God (1833)

The Monk John Cassian the Roman, as to the place of birth and the language in which he wrote -- belonged to the West, but the spiritual native-land of the saint was always the Orthodox East. John accepted monasticism at a Bethlehem monastery, situated at a place not far from where the Saviour was born. After a two-year stay at the monastery, in the year 390 the monk with his spiritual brother Germanus journeyed over the course of seven years through the Thebaid and Skete wilderness monasteries, drawing upon the spiritual experience of innumerable ascetics. Having returned in 397 for a brief while to Bethlehem, the spiritual brothers asceticised for three years in complete solitude, but then they set out to Constantinople, where they attended to Sainted John Chrysostom.

The Monk Cassion was ordained to the dignity of presbyter in his own native land. At Massilia [Marseilles] in Gallia (Gaul, now France) he first established there two coenobitic (life-in-common) monasteries, a men's and a women's, on the order of monastic-rules of Eastern monasticism. At the request of Bishop Castor of Aptia Julia (in Gallia Narbonensis), the Monk Cassian in the years 417-419 wrote 12 books entitled De Institutis Coenobiorum (On the Directives of Coenobitic Life) from the Palestinian and Egyptian monks and including 10 conversations with the desert fathers, so as to provide his fellow countrymen examples of life-in-common (cenobitic) monasteries and acquaint them with the spirit of the asceticism of the Orthodox East. In the first book of De Institutis Coenobiorum the talk concerns the external appearance of the monastic; in the second -- concerning the order of the night psalms and prayers; in the third -- concerning the order of the daytime prayers and psalms; in the fourth -- concerning the order of renunciation from the world; in the eight remaining books -- concerning eight chief sins.

In the conversations of the fathers Saint Cassian as a guide within asceticism speaks about the purpose of life, about spiritual discernment, about the degrees of renunciation from the world, about the passions of the flesh and spirit, about the eight sins, about the hardship of the righteous, and about prayer.

In the years following, the Monk Cassian described another fourteen (or else twenty-four) Conversations of the Fathers (the Collationes Patrum): about the perfection of love, about purity, about the help of God, about the comprehending of Scripture, about the gifts of God, about friendship, about the use of language, about the four levels of monasticism, about solitary hermetic life and coenobitic life-in-common, about repentance, about fasting, about nightly meditations, about spiritual mortification -- this last given the explanatory title "I want not to, yet this I do."

In the year 431 Saint John Cassian wrote his final work, the Against Nestorius (De incarnationem Domini contra Nestorium -- literally "On the Incarnation of the Lord, against Nestorius"). In it he gathered together against the heresy the opinions of censure of many Eastern and Western teachers. In his works the Monk Cassian grounded himself in the spiritual experience of the ascetics, meriting the admiration of Blessed Augustine (commemorated 15 June), that "grace far least of all is defensible by pompous words and loquacious contention, by dialectic syllogisms and the eloquence of a Cicero." In the words of the Monk John of the Ladder (Climaticus or Lestvichnik; commemorated 30 March), "great Cassian discerns loftily and quite excellently." Saint John Cassian the Roman reposed peacefully in the year 435.

The Monk John, called Barsonophios, was a native of Palestine. At 18 years of age he accepted holy Baptism, and soon also monastic vows. Because of his ascetic life, the Monk John was ordained bishop of the city of Damascus. Once, in his love for the solitary life, the Monk John left off being bishop and secretly withdrew to Alexandria, calling himself Barsonophios. Then he went off into the Nitreian wilderness, arrived at a monastery and besought the hegumen to accept him into the monastery, so as to serve the elders. He conscientiously fulfilled this obedience by day, and nights he spent in prayer.

After a certain while Saint Theodore of Nitreia saw the monk, and knew of him that he was a bishop. Saint John then again concealed himself and withdrew into Egypt, where he asceticised until the end of his days (V).

The Holy Martyr Theoktyrist [Theostyriktos], Hegumen of the Pelikiote monastery, suffered for icon veneration under the impious emperor Constantine Copronymos (741-775). Together with him, subjected to tortures were Saint Stephen the New (commemorated 28 November) and other pious monks. Saint Theoktyrist was burnt with boiling tar.

The holy martyr is known as a spiritual writer and the author of a canon to the Mother of God "Sustaint in Many Misfortunes."

The Monk Leo, Cappadocian Monastic: He fulfilled the commandment about love for neighbour, by suggesting to the Saracens who had taken captive three sickly monks, that they replace the infirm captives with himself, since he was healthy and capable of work. During a time of journeying in the desert the Monk Leo weakened and was not able to go further. He was beheaded with the sword, having given up his soul "for his neighbour."